Ppt genetics of abo blood groups and rhesus factor. Inheritance of blood groups is controlled by three types of genes called alternatives allels, from which the individual inherits one pair only that carried on that carried on the 9th chromosomes pair in all humans, these genes are symbolized by letters a, b and o. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. When a and b are present in a heterozygote condition, the blood groups is ab as these two alleles exist as codominants. Recognize that information is passed from parent to offspring during reproduction. Recognition that blood types have relatively simple inheritance patterns led to their use in paternity cases, forensics, and similar identity cases. Inheritance of abo blood groups follows mendelian principles blood group antigens are codominant if the gene is inherited, it will be expressed. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
The inheritance of the blood groups and its medicolegal. Table 1 glycan histoblood groups bg and responsible genes with blood type. Atype and btype blood are dominant inheritance, abtype is a double dominant genetic, and otype is recessive. The abo blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the a and b antigens on erythrocytes.
The inheritance of blood groups in the blood group system b in. Genetics of human blood type introduction the genetics of blood types is relatively simple when considering any one blood protein. A distinct, but related antigen, p, which belongs to the globoside glob system, is defined by activity of the b3galt3 gene on chromosome 3q25. Just as the blood group is inherited by a child from its parents, in the same way the sex of a child boy or girl is also inherited from the parents. Example of abo blood types there are different blood types a, b, ab and o. The abo blood group system was discovered by the austrian pathologist karl landsteiner in 1901, who classified the blood groups based on the presence of a and b antigens on the surface of red blood cells after noting patterns of agglutination during blood transfusions. In fact, there are more than 40 blood groups, but all of them are not clinically significant. Nov 29, 2016 genetic classification of blood groups. Materials 1 liter bottle empty 2 red blood cell model with antigens and antibodies 4 red styrofoam balls.
Pdf principle of blood group inheritance and calculation of its. Prepare and examine a simulated blood smear under the microscope. However, the complexity increases when one considers all the different proteins associated with the surface of a red blood cell rbc. The genetics of the bloodgroups postgraduate medical. The o allele which does not produce an antigenic product is recessive to the a and b alleles, which are codominant. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. The discovery of the abo blood group created great excitement as until then, all blood had been assumed to be the same. Blood is determined by three alleles a, b and o and not two as for the other characteristics this is termed multiple alleles the alleles a and b are codominant both dominate equally over o, which is recessive. Karl landsteiner, an austrian scientist discovered the abo blood group system in.
Codominant and simple dominant inheritance the a allele and b allele are codominant with each other the a allele and b allele are both purely dominant over the o allele the o allele is recessive. Multiple alleles arise by mutation of the wild type gene and occupy the same locus on the homologous chromosomes. The rhesus factor also plays a role in determining blood. B red cell antigens, the subgroups of the a antigen and hightitre antibodies. The inheritance of blood groups in the blood group system c. Everyone in this group tests as having type o blood, no matter what their abo genes are. In this content, the principle, history, method and facts of abo blood group system is explained. Nov 20, 2014 possible blood group genotypes parent allele a b o a aa ab ao b ab bb bo o ao bo oo 51. Jul, 2018 appropriately, the blood type gene is named abo. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 38 different blood type or group classification systems currently recognized. The inheritance of the mnss blood groups in a caucasian.
Samples from such a case have been referred to our lab 6confirmation of a 2 status in a 2 to o kidney transplant. The most used blood group system is the abo system, which divides people into 4 blood groups. Inheritance of blood groups genetic inheritance part two. The lancet special articles bloodgroups and their inheritance g. Genes controlling blood group in man are 3 instead of two and are known as multiple alleles.
View the ever wonder what happens to blood poster to find out more about the various blood products and their functions. While a large material on the inheritance of the rhesus groups is available, the data on the inheritance of the duffy system are rather limited. Two groups of ag can cause transfusion reactions more than others. The rh blood group system phenotype genotype rbc surface antigen antibodies present in blood. The table shows the four abo phenotypes blood groups present in the human population and the genotypes that give rise to them. The rh blood group system is a human blood group system. Such an explanation will not, however, serve for the antigen. The abo blood groups the most important in assuring a safe blood transfusion. The abo blood group system is determined by the abo gene, which is found on chromosome 9. Blood group multiple allele complex locus antigenic complex antigenic factor these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors.
The material, which is unselected for both the duffy and rhesus groups, was tested with antifya and with antic, antic, antid, antie and antie. When we talk about the genetics of blood type, we typically only refer to the abo gene. Genetically determined abo blood group and its associations. The inheritance of blood groups in the blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. Genes for the rhve and o groups from one parent are masked i. The potential of a gift of blood a single blood donation contributes to the making of over products all serving a vital function to help others in need. That group inheritance depends upon the genes received from parents. Simple inheritance of 3 gene options a, b or o giving four possible groups a, b, ab and. Inheritance and importance in transfusion medicine human blood group antigens are unique, inherited polymorphisms. Incomplete dominance, codominance, and abo blood types. Pdf abo blood type antigens are polymorphic, inherited structures presented on the surface of red blood cells. The inheritance of blood groups british medical bulletin.
The two significant blood group systems were discovered during early experiments with blood transfusions, the abo group in 1901 and the rhesus group in 1939 8. The mode of inheritance of blood groups in man and animals has been a matter of discussion as long as investigations in this field have been performed. Abo blood group system is one of the most popular method that classifies the blood give majorly into four types i. Both codominant alleles are shown with upper case letters in genetic. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Blood typing relies on antigenantibody reactions and thus requires some understanding. Describe the mechanism of pattern of inheritance of abo blood. Describe the importance of blood group genetics as it relates to the overall field of genetics. Multiple alleles occurs when than 2 genesalleles determine a characteristic, such as in abo blood groups. Karl landsteiner, an austrian scientist discovered the abo blood group system in the year 1900.
Misconception blood groups and paternity paternity. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Inheritance patterns of blood groups australian red. Abo and rh blood groups are the most important blood groups despite the long list of several other blood groups discovered so far 6,7.
The below mentioned article provides an overview on the inheritance of blood groups in man. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 678k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Therefore, the letter i isohaemoagglutinogen is used as symbol of the genes. Genetics of blood types codominance and multiple alleles codominance occurs when both in the genotype are equally dominant. Multiple alleles are three or more alleles of the gene within the gene pool with the same traits. In this lesson on genetics we take a look at sex determination, sexlinked genetic diseases, blood group inheritance, genetic engineering and the uses of genetic engineering.
The blood group systems inheritance and genetics nawsherwan sadiq 201220 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The relationship between blood groups and disease blood. Describe the inheritance of abo blood groups, specifying the role of multiple alleles. Generally a gene has two alternative forms or alleles, one in each of the homologous chromosomes. These blood groups are defined by antigens that are attached on your red blood cells. Understanding inheritance, synthesis, various antigens and antibodies and. Antim, a new antibody of the mns blood group system. Inheritance patterns of blood groups australian red cross. Inheritance of the abo blood groups the abo genes are located on chromosome number 9. Blood groups for each individual are determined by genes or alleles small packets of information in cells contained in the dna which are inherited from both parents. Persons may thus have type a, type b, type o, or type ab blood. Describe the mechanism of pattern of inheritance of abo.
If a gene has more than two alleles, it is known to exhibit multiple alleles. The main subject of this thesis will be limited to the abo blood groups and the. The genetics of blood types is relatively simple when considering any one blood protein. The rh blood group system consists of 49 defined blood group antigens, among which the five antigens d, c, c, e, and e are the most important. Abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens a and b, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. The four abo blood groups, a, b, ab and o, arise from inheriting one or more of the alternative forms of this gene or alleles namely a, b or o. It is the second most important blood group system, after the abo blood group system. A 1, a 2, b and o and a series of rare alleles a 3, a x and a m etc.
Understanding the genetics of blood groups objectives. Out of these three alleles, only two alleles can be present in any human at a time. Imagine your red blood cell is a strawberry, antigens are the little yellow strawberry seeds that are attached all over the outer surface of this fruit. Compared to women with blood group o, women with blood group ab or b had a nonsignificant 38% increase in ovarian cancer incidence 95% ci 0. Blood groups and immunogenetics knowledge of human blood types is necessary for successful transfusions. The inheritance in the abo system is controlled by various alleles. Genetic inheritance of blood types similar to the characteristic traits that an individual inherits from his parents, so also is the blood type, which has a genetic inheritance.
Demonstrate the basics of inheritance of blood group traits relating to chromosomes, dominant and recessive genes, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, heterozygous and homozygous inheritance, autosomal and sex. Journal of blood group serology and molecular genetics. Blood genetics and punnett squares explain how blood type is determined genetically and show how punnett squares can be used to determine genotype. Genetic characterisation of human abo blood group variants with. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Three allelic genes i a, i b and i o control the inheritance of these groups in all human population. Inheritance and blood typing 20182019 vinsevsvs rural goal to introduce the students to the study of genetics through an activity dealing with blood typing fits tn standards. Genetics sex determination, blood groups, genetic variation. Blood group in humans are inheritable traits and inherited from parents to offspring on the basis of mendels law. The rhesus factor also plays a role in determining blood type. Provide definitions for genotype, phenotype, dominant, and recessive. At least 5 documented cases of hydrops fetalis due to aboantibodies reported since 1988.
Due to this, there is an equal chance of the child acquiring blood group a or blood group o. Genetics of abo blood groups and rhesus factor history of blood groups and blood transfusions experiments with blood. Jan 29, 20 the blood group systems inheritance and genetics nawsherwan sadiq 201220 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The inheritance of blood groups oxford academic journals. We now have detailed information concerning almost all the genes giving rise to blood group polymorphisms, the structure of the gene products and the antigens themselves, and in many cases functional information sufficient to delineate mechanisms of interaction with external agents. Out of these three alleles, only two alleles can be present in any. Blood type human blood type is governed by the presence of 3 different alleles. Inheritance of blood groups genetic inheritance part. It was no accident that the abo system should have been the first to be discovered. We will now describe the inheritance of sex by a child from the parents. From the galton laboratory serum unit, university college, at the department of pathology, cambridge, united kingdom in human red cells there seem to be many antigens which, in combination with corresponding antibodies, will cause the agglutination, or clumping, of the cells. The group o phenotype results from inactivation of the a1 glycosyltransferase gene, and the nonreducing ends of the corresponding. The genes i a and i b show no dominance over each other, that is, they are co dominant. The blood type of a human has three alleles a, b and o of which only two can be inherited.
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